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Ecology and Environment: What we know and what we don't The environment is full of myriad topics, which often include ecology and the environment. The difficult thing is that they are extremely complex, so it can be tough to understand their entirety. Several people have taken upon themselves though to put together a guide to help you get started with this topic, which is called "Ecology and Environment: What we know and what we don't". This ebook will help you understand the basics of these topics in a clear way. It covers things like changing ecosystems, pollution, environmental consciousness and awareness in society, ecological laws such as natural selection. This book is written for people who are interested in environment studies or sustainable development, or just want to learn more about these topics. Written by:Pramod Bhattacherjee, PhD, Pg.67-74. Published by:Routledge (Taylor & Francis) (2012) ISBN 13:9781138684913 ISBN 10:1138684915 The concept of the Resource Curse is an idea that is very commonly cited in development literature concerning resource-rich developing countries. It has also been discussed in the popular press, most notably for Nigeria and Angola (the most recent case).[1] It was first introduced by economist Paul Collier. The concept of the Resource Curse was first proposed in the 1980s and since then, there have been several explanations and critiques. Resource Curse is a term used to describe the consequences that result from reliance on natural resources such as oil for income generation. The resources used in developing countries such as oil and mineral resources tend to benefit the elite members of the society while damaging other sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing and other manufacturing sectors.[2] According to Collier, this results from a variety of things (such as corruption and inequality), and his work "points to several policy changes that could lead to less reliance . . . [on natural resources]."[3] The idea is often interpreted negatively, with some scholars arguing that it does not exist. In fact, different scholars have argued that it is a myth. "It is a myth. A lot of people think it's true, but it's not true."[2] This paper will explore the concept of the Resource Curse and provide some background information on Collier's work as well as other works on this topic. Collier argues that poverty and inequality decrease as a country becomes more dependent on natural resources. He first adopted the explanation from Simon Kuznets, who writes about income distribution within a country of the 1920s.[4] In developing countries where natural resources are abundant, he writes that internal inequality increases as wealth becomes concentrated in fewer hands. In countries where natural resources are scarce, on the other hand, he writes that equality increases as a greater percentage of the national total income is distributed to the poorest. All of this is a result of a way in which different countries have been able to profit from their natural resources, and Collier puts forth ideas about what can be done to resolve this situation. Collier argues that natural resources formed a curse because it resulted in economic inequality and poverty for many people. In addition, he argues that inequality and poverty were created after these countries became dependent on their natural resource wealth. Therefore, he proposes ways to minimize reliance on natural resources using things such as the free market and flexible exchange systems. cfa1e77820